Nvidia Quadro

The Nvidia Quadro series^[1] of AGP, PCI, and PCI Express graphics cards comes from the NVIDIA Corporation. Their designers aimed to accelerate CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and DCC (digital content creation), and the cards are usually featured in workstations. (Compared to the NVIDIA GeForce product line, which specifically targets computer gaming). Competing products include the FireGL line of workstation graphics cards by ATI Technologies, Inc.. Companies such as Matrox and Avid also focus on specialized hardware accelerated graphics cards intended primarily for DCC.

Contents 1 History 2 Quadro Plex 3 Video cards 3.1 GeForce 3.2 PCI Express 3.3 AGP 3.4 PCI 4 For business 5 Mobile applications 5.1 Quadro FX M 5.2 Quadro NVS M 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

History

The Quadro line of GPU cards emerged in an effort at market segmentation by NVIDIA. In introducing Quadro, NVIDIA was able to charge a premium for essentially the same graphics hardware in professional markets, and direct resources to properly serve the needs of those markets. To differentiate their offerings, NVIDIA used driver software and firmware to enable features vital to segments of the workstation market; e.g., high performance anti-aliased lines and two-sided lighting were reserved for the Quadro product. In addition, improved support through a certified driver program was put in place. These features were of little value in the gaming markets that NVIDIA's products already sold to, but prevented high end customers from using the less expensive products. This practice continues even today although some products use higher capacity faster memory.

There are parallels between the market segmentation used to sell the Quadro line of products to Workstation (DCC) markets and the Tesla line of products to engineering and HPC markets.

In a settlement of a patent infringement lawsuit between SGI and NVIDIA, SGI acquired rights to speed binned NVIDIA graphics chips which they shipped under the VPro product label. These designs were completely separate from the SGI Odyssey based VPro products initially sold on their IRIX workstations which used a completely different bus. SGI's NVIDIA-based VPro line included the VPro V3 (Geforce 256), VPro VR3 (Quadro), VPro V7 (Quadro2 MXR), and VPro VR7 (Quadro2 Pro).^[2][3]

Quadro (SGI VPro VR3)	Quadro2 Pro (ELSA GLoria III)	Quadro DCC (ELSA GLoria DCC)	Quadro4 980 XGL
Quadro FX 1300	Quadro FX 2000	Quadro FX 4000	Quadro FX 5600

Quadro Plex

Video cards

GeForce

Many of these cards use the same core as the game- and action-oriented GeForce video cards by NVIDIA. Those cards that are identical to the desktop cards can be software modified to identify themselves as the equivalent Quadro cards and this allows optimized drivers intended for the Quadro cards to be installed on the system. While this may not offer all of the performance of the equivalent Quadro card, it can improve performance in certain applications, but may require installing the MAXtreme driver for comparable speed.

The performance difference comes in the firmware controlling the card. Given the importance of speed in a game, a system used for gaming can shut down textures, shading, or rendering after only approximating a final output—in order to keep the overall frame rate high. The algorithms on a CAD-oriented card tend rather to complete all rendering operations, even if that introduces delays or variations in the timing, prioritising accuracy and rendering quality over speed.

PCI Express

Quadro GPU	Core	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Memory size (MiB)	Memory type	Memory bandwidth (GiB/s)	3-pin stereo connector	CUDA cores	Power consumption (W)	Notes	WEI (Windows 7)
Quadro FX 330	NV37GL	250	200	64	64-bit DDR	3.2	No		21	Chip also used in GeForce PCX 5300, Shader Model 2.0
Quadro FX 350	G72GL	550	405	128	64-bit DDR2	6.48	No		21	Chip also used in GeForce 7300LE
Quadro FX 370	G84GL	360	400	256	64-bit DDR2	6.4	No	16	35	1× Dual-link DVI-I & 1 single-link DVI, Shader Model 4.0 OpenGL 3.3/DirectX 10
Quadro FX 370 LP	G98	540	500	256	64-bit DDR2	8	No	8	25	DMS-59
Quadro FX 380	G96	450	700	256	128-bit GDDR3	22.4	No	16	34	2× Dual-link DVI-I, , GeForce 9400 based (similar specs on wikipedia)
Quadro FX 380 LP	GT218GL	550	800	512	64-bit DDR3	12.8	No	16	28	1x Dual-link DVI-I , 1x DisplayPort
Quadro FX 540	NV43GL	300	275	128	128-bit GDDR	8.8	No		35	Chip also used in GeForce 6600LE (4 PS/3 VS)
Quadro FX 550	NV43GL	360	400	128	128-bit GDDR3	12.8	No		25	2× dual-link DVI (will only do 2048×1536, not up to 2560×1600)
Quadro FX 560	G73GL	350	600	128	128-bit GDDR3	19.2	No		30	Chip also used in GeForce 7600, 1× Dual-link DVI
Quadro FX 570	G84GL	460	400	256	128-bit DDR2	12.8	No	16	38	2× Dual-link DVI-I, Shader Model 4.0, OpenGL 3.3, DirectX 10
Quadro FX 580	G96	450 (OC650)	400	512	128-bit GDDR3	25.6	No	32	40	1× Dual-link DVI-I, 2× DisplayPort, GeForce 9500 based (similar specifications on wikipedia)
Quadro FX 1300	NV38GL	350	275	128	256-bit DDR	17.6	Yes		55	Chip also used in GeForce PCX 5950, 2× Single-link DVI
Quadro FX 1400	NV41GL	350	300	128	256-bit DDR	19.2	Yes		70	Chip also used in GeForce 6800 (8 PS/5 VS), 2× Single-link DVI
Quadro FX 1500	G71GL	325	625	256	256-bit GDDR3	40.0	No		65	Chip also used in GeForce 79xx, clocked down/pipe disabled (16 pixel, 6 vertex), 2× Dual-link DVI
Quadro FX 1700	G84GL	460	400	512	128-bit DDR2	12.8	No	32	42	Chip also used in GeForce 8600GT, 2× Dual-link DVI-I/TV Out, Shader Model 4.0, OpenGL 3.3, DirectX 10.
Quadro FX 1800	G94	550 (shader clock 1375)	800	768	192-bit DDR3	38.4	No	64	59	Dual Display port, single dvi depending on model, Shader Model 4.0, OpenGL 3.3, DirectX 10.
Quadro FX 3400	NV45GL	350	450	256	256-bit GDDR3	28.8	Yes		101	Chip also used in GeForce 6800, 2× Dual-link DVI
Quadro FX 3450	NV42GL	425	500	256	256-bit GDDR3	32.0	Yes		83	Chip also used in GeForce 6800, 2× Dual-link DVI
Quadro FX 3500	G71GL	450	660	256	256-bit GDDR3	42.2	Yes		80	Based on same core as the Quadro 5500, but with only 20 pixel, 7 vertex units, and 256 MiB RAM.
Quadro FX 3700	G92	500	800	512	256-bit GDDR3	51.2	Yes	112	78	Chip also used in GeForce 8800GT and 8800GTS 512, 112 streaming processors, PCI Express 2.0, Energy Star 4.0 compliant (consumes less than 80 watts of power)
Quadro FX 3800	G200GL	600	800	1024	256-bit GDDR3	51.2	Yes	192	107	Stereo requires the purchase of an optional 3 pin S Bracket
Quadro FX 4000 SDI	NV42GL	425	500	256	256-bit GDDR3	32.0	Yes			FX 4000 with 2× SDI HDTV outputs + digital and analog genlock (using external controllers)
Quadro FX 4400	NV45GL	400	525	512	256-bit GDDR3	33.6	Yes		109	Chip also used in GeForce 6800 PCI-E, 2× dual-link DVI
Quadro FX 4500	G70GL	470	525	512	256-bit GDDR3	33.6	Yes		109	Chip also used in GeForce 7800GTX, 2× dual-link DVI
Quadro FX 4500 SDI	G70GL	470	525	512	256-bit GDDR3	33.6	Yes		116	Chip also used in GeForce 7800GTX, 1× dual-link DVI, 2× SDI HDTV outputs + analog and digital genlock
Quadro FX 4500 X2	G70GL	500	600	512 ×2	256-bit ×2 GDDR3	33.6 ×2	Yes		145	Two Quadro FX 4500 GPU units on the same PCI-Express card, 4× dual-link DVI.
Quadro FX 5500	G71GL	650	500	1024	256-bit DDR2	32	Yes		96	Chip also used in GeForce 7900GTX, 2× dual-link DVI, 24 pixel units and 8 vertex units.
Quadro FX 5500 SDI	G71GL	650	500	1024	256-bit DDR2	32	Yes		104	FX 5500 with SDI, genlock/frame lock support (via external hardware)
Quadro FX 4600	G80GL	400	700	768	384-bit GDDR3	67.2	Yes	112	134	Chip also used in GeForce 8800GTX, 2× dual-link DVI.
Quadro FX 4600 SDI	G80GL	400	700	768	384-bit GDDR3	67.2	Yes		154	FX 4600 with SDI, genlock/frame lock support (via external hardware)
Quadro FX 4700 X2	G92	500	800	512 ×2	256-bit ×2 GDDR3	51.2 ×2	Yes		226	Two Quadro FX 3700 GPU units on the same PCI-Express card, 2× dual-link DVI (DVI-I ×4), S-Video output.
Quadro FX 5600	G80GL	600	800	1536	384-bit GDDR3	76.8	Yes	128	171	Chip also used in GeForce 8800 Ultra, requires two 6-pin supplementary power connectors.
Quadro FX 4800	D10U-20 (GT200GL)	602	800	1536	384-bit GDDR3	77	Yes	192	150	Chip also used in 55 nm version of GeForce GTX 260 (192 shaders). Quadro CX without Elemental Technologies' CS4 plug-in.
Quadro FX 5800	D10U-30 (GT200GL)	650	1632	4096	512-bit GDDR3	102	Yes	240	189	Chip also used in GeForce GTX 285 (240 shaders).
Quadro CX	D10U-20 (GT200GL)	602	800	1536	384-bit GDDR3	76.8	Yes	192	150	Chip also used in 55 nm version of GeForce GTX 260 (192 shaders), Display Port and dual-link DVI Output, optimised for Adobe Creative Suite 4.
Quadro VX 200	G92			512	GDDR3	51.2				HDTV and 2× Dual-link DVI, optimised for Autodesk AutoCAD.
Quadro 400				512	64-bit DDR3	12.3	No	48	32	1x Dual-link DVI-I , 1x DisplayPort
Quadro 600	GF108GL	640	800	1024	128-bit GDDR3	25.6	No	96	40	1× Dual-link DVI-I, 1× DisplayPort
Quadro 2000	GF106GL	625	1300	1024	128-bit GDDR5	41.6	No	192	62	1× Dual-link DVI-I, 2× DisplayPort
Quadro 2000 D	GF106GL	625	1300	1024	128-bit GDDR5	41.6	No	192	62	2× Dual-link DVI-I
Quadro 4000	GF100	475	700	2048	256-bit GDDR5	89.6	Yes	256	142	Based on the new Fermi architecture.
Quadro 5000	GF100	513	750	2536	320-bit GDDR5	120	Yes	352	152	Based on the new Fermi architecture.
Quadro 6000	GF100	574	750	6144	384-bit GDDR5	144	Yes	448	204	Based on the new Fermi architecture.
Quadro GPU	Core	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Memory size (MiB)	Memory type	Memory bandwidth (GiB/s)	3-pin stereo connector	CUDA cores	Power consumption (W)	Notes	WEI (Windows 7)

AGP

Quadro chip	Core	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (effective) (MHz)	Memory size (MiB)	Memory type	Memory bandwidth (GiB/s)	Interface	3-pin stereo connector	Notes
Quadro	NV10GL	135	166	64	128-bit SDR	2.66	4×		Chip also used in GeForce 256
Quadro2 MXR	NV11GL	200	183		128-bit SDR	2.93	4×		Chip also used in GeForce 2 MX
Quadro2 EX	NV11GL	175	166						Chip also used in GeForce 2 MX
Quadro2 Pro	NV15GL	250	400			6.4	4×		Chip also used in GeForce 2 GTS
Quadro DCC	NV20GL				128-bit DDR	7.3	4×		Chip also used in GeForce 3/Ti
Quadro4 380 XGL	NV18GL	275	513	64	128-bit DDR	8.2	8×
Quadro4 500 XGL	NV17GL				128-bit SDR
Quadro4 550 XGL	NV17GL	270	400	64	128-bit DDR	6.4	4×	No
Quadro4 580 XGL	NV18GL			64	128-bit DDR		8×	No	Chip also used in GeForce 4 MX 440
Quadro4 700 XGL	NV25GL	275	550	64	128-bit DDR		4×		Chip also used in GeForce 4 Ti 4200
Quadro4 750 XGL	NV25GL	275	550	128	128-bit DDR		4×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce 4 Ti 4400
Quadro4 780 XGL	NV28GL							Yes	Chip also used in GeForce 4 Ti 4200 (AGP 8×)
Quadro4 900 XGL	NV25GL	300	650	128	128-bit DDR	10.4	4×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce 4 Ti 4600
Quadro4 980 XGL	NV28GL	300	650	128	128-bit DDR	10.4	8×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce 4 Ti 4800
Quadro FX 500	NV34GL	270	243	128	128-bit DDR	7.7	8×	No	Chip also used in GeForce FX 5200
Quadro FX 700	NV31GL	275	275	128	128-bit DDR	8.8	8×	No	Chip also used in GeForce FX 5600
Quadro FX 1000	NV30GL	300	300	128	128-bit GDDR2	9.6	8×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce FX 5800
Quadro FX 1100	NV36GL	425	325	128	128-bit DDR	10.4	8×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce FX 5700
Quadro FX 2000	NV30GL	400	400	128	128-bit GDDR2	12.8	8×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce FX 5800, One Dual-Link DVI
Quadro FX 3000	NV35GL	400	425	256	256-bit DDR	27.2	8×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce FX 5900, 1× Dual-link DVI (via external controller)
Quadro FX 3000G	NV35GL	400	425	256	256-bit DDR	27.2	8×	Yes	has external stereo frame sync connector, 1× Dual-link DVI (via external controller)
Quadro FX 4000	NV40GL	375	500	256	256-bit GDDR3	32.0	8×	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce 6800, 2× Dual-link DVI (2nd link using external TMDS transmitter)
Quadro FX 4000 SDI	NV40GL	375	500	256	256-bit GDDR3	32.0	8×	Yes	FX 4000 with 2× SDI HDTV outputs + digital and analog genlock (using external controllers)

PCI

Quadro chip	Core	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (effective) (MHz)	Memory size (MiB)	Memory type	Memory bandwidth (GB/s)	3-pin stereo connector	Notes
Quadro FX 600 PCI	NV34GL	270	243	256	128-bit DDR	7.8	Yes	Chip also used in GeForce 5200 Ultra

For business

The NVIDIA Quadro NVS graphics processing units (GPUs) provide business graphics solutions for manufacturers of small, medium, and enterprise-level business workstations. The NVIDIA Quadro NVS desktop solutions enable multi-display graphics for businesses such as financial traders.

Quadro chip	Max. resolution (digital)	Interface	Display connectors	Displays supported	Power consumption (W)	Notes
Quadro NVS 50	1600×1200	AGP 8× / PCI	DVI-I, S-Video	1		NV18
Quadro NVS 100	2048×1536	AGP 4× / PCI	2x DVI-I, VGA, S-Video	2		NV17(A5)?
Quadro NVS 200	1280×1024	AGP 4× / PCI	LFH-60	2		NV17
Quadro NVS 210s	1920x1200	Onboard (nForce 430)	DVI + VGA	?		no PureVideoHD, only SD
Quadro NVS 280	1600×1200	PCI-Express ×16/AGP 8× / PCI	DMS-59	2	12	NV18GL/NV34
Quadro NVS 285	1920×1200	PCI-Express ×1/×16	DMS-59	2	13/18	NV44
Quadro NVS 290	1920×1200	PCI-Express ×1/×16	DMS-59	2	21	G86
Quadro NVS 295	2560×1600	PCI-Express	2× DisplayPort or 2× DVI-D	2	23	G98
Quadro NVS 400	1280×1024	PCI	2× DMS-59	4		2× NV17
Quadro NVS 420	2560×1600	PCI-Express ×1/×16	VHDCI (4× DisplayPort or 4× DVI-D)	4	40	2× G98
Quadro NVS 440	1920×1200	PCI-Express ×1/×16	2× DMS-59	4	31	2× NV43
Quadro NVS 450	2560×1600	PCI-Express ×16	4× DisplayPort	4	35	2× G98
Quadro NVS 300	2560×1600	PCI-Express	DMS-59	2	17.5	GT218

Mobile applications

Quadro FX M

Quadro chip	Core	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Memory(MiB)	Core clock (MHz)	Shader clock (MHz)q	Memory clock (MHz)	Config core	Fillrate		Memory			Processing Power (GFLOPs)	API support		TDP (watts)
									Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Type	Bus width (bit)	Single precision	DirectX	OpenGL
Quadro FX 350M	G72GLM	90	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	256	450	450	900	3:4:4:2	0.9	1.8	14.4	GDDR3	128		9.0c	2.1	15
Quadro FX 360M	G86GLM	80	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	256	400	800	1200	16:8:4	1.6	3.2	9.6	GDDR2	64	38.4	10	2.1	17
Quadro FX 370M	G98GLM	65	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	256	550	1400	1200	8:4:4	2.2	2.2	9.6	GDDR3	64	33.6	10	2.1	20
Quadro FX 380M	GT218GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	512	625	1530	1600	16:8:4	2.5	5	12.8	GDDR3	64	73.44	10.1	3.2	25
Quadro FX 540M	NV43GL	110	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	128	300	300	550	4:8:8:8	2.4	2.4	8.8	GDDR3	128		9.0c	2.1	42
Quadro FX 550M	G73GLM	90	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	480	480	1000	5:12:12:8	4	6	19.2	GDDR3	128		9.0c	2.1	35
Quadro FX 560M	G73GLM	90	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	500	500	1200	5:12:12:8	4	6	19.2	GDDR3	128		9.0c	2.1	35
Quadro FX 570M	G84GLM	80	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	475	950	1400	32:16:8	3.8	7.6	22.4	GDDR3	128	91.2	10	2.1	45
Quadro FX 770M	G96GLM	65	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	512	500	1250	1600	32:16:8	4	8	25.6	GDDR3	128	25.6	10	2.1	35
Quadro FX 880M	GT216GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	1024	550	1210	1600	48:16:8	4.4	8.8	25.6	GDDR3	128	174.24	10.1	3.2	35
Quadro FX 1500M	G71GLM	90	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	375	375	1000	8:24:24:16	6	9	32	GDDR3	256		9.0c	2.1	45
Quadro FX 1600M	G84GLM	80	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	625	1250	1600	32:16:8	5	10	25.6	GDDR3	128	120	10	2.1	50
Quadro FX 1700M	G96GLM	65	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	512	625	1550	1600	32:16:8	5	10	25.6	GDDR3	128	148.8	10	2.1	50
Quadro FX 1800M	GT215GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	1024	450	1080	1600 2200	72:24:8	3.6	10.8	25.6 35.2	GDDR3 GDDR5	128	233.28	10.1	3.2	45
Quadro FX 2500M	G71GLM	90	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	500	500	1200	8:24:24:16	8	12	38.4	GDDR3	256		9.0c	2.1	45
Quadro FX 2700M	G94GLM	65	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	512	530	1325	1600	48:24:16	8.48	12.72	51.2	GDDR3	256	190.8	10.0	2.1	65
Quadro FX 2800M	G92GLM	55	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	1024	500	1250	2000	96:48:16	8	16	64	GDDR3	256	360	10	3.2	75
Quadro FX 3500M	G71GLM	90	PCI-E 1.0 ×16	512	575	575	1200	8:24:24:16	9.2	13.8	38.4	GDDR3	256		9.0c	2.1	45
Quadro FX 3600M	G92GLM	65	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	1024	500	1250	1600	64:32:16 96:48:16	8 8	16 24	51.2	GDDR3	256	240 360	10	2.1	70
Quadro FX 3700M	G92GLM	65	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	1024	550	1375	1600	128:64:16	8.8	35.2	51.2	GDDR3	256	528	10	2.1	75
Quadro FX 3800M	G92GLM	55	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	1024	675	1688	2000	128:64:16	10.8	43.2	64	GDDR3	256	648.192	10	3.2	100
Quadro 1000M	GF108GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	2048	700	1400	1800	96:?:?	?	?	28.8	GDDR3	128		11	4.1	45
Quadro 2000M	GF106GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	2048	550	1100	1800	192:?:?	?	?	28.8	GDDR3	128		11	4.1	55
Quadro 3000M	GF110GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	2048	450	900	2500	240:?:?	?	?	80	GDDR5	256		11	4.1	75
Quadro 4000M	GF110GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	2048	475	950	2400	336:?:?	?	?	80	GDDR5	256		11	4.1	100
Quadro 5000M	GF104GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	2048	405	810	2400	320:40:32	13	18	76.8	GDDR5	256		11	4.1	100
Quadro 5010M	GF110GLM	40	PCI-E 2.0 ×16	4096	450	900	2600	384:?:?	?	?	83.2	GDDR5	256		11	4.1	100

Quadro NVS M

Quadro chip	Core	Core clock speed (MHz)	Memory clock speed (MHz)	Memory size	Memory type	Memory bandwidth	CUDA cores	Max. power consumption (W)	Interface	3-pin stereo connector	Note
Quadro NVS 110M	G72M	300	600	128 MiB/256 MiB/512 MiB	64-bit DDR			10	PCI Express	Varies	Go 7300-based
Quadro NVS 120M	G72GLM	450	700	128 MiB/256 MiB/512 MiB	64-bit DDR2			10	PCI Express	Varies	Also recognized as QuadroFX 350M/Go 7400
Quadro NVS 130M	G86M			128 MiB/256 MiB	64-bit			10	PCI Express	Varies	8400M-G based
Quadro NVS 135M	G86M	400	594	128 MiB/256 MiB	64-bit	9.55 GiB/s		10	PCI Express	Varies	8400M-GS based
Quadro NVS 140M	G86M	400	600	128 MiB/256 MiB/512 MiB	64-bit	9.66 GiB/s	16	10	PCI Express	Varies	8400M-GS based
Quadro NVS 150M	G98M	530	700	128 MiB/256 MiB	64-bit	11.22 GiB/s	8	10	PCI Express	Varies	8400M-GS based
Quadro NVS 160M	G98M	580	700	256 MiB	64-bit	11.22 GiB/s	8	12	PCI Express	Varies	9300M-GS based
Quadro NVS 300M	G72GLM	450	500	128 MiB/256 MiB/512 MiB	128-bit GDDR3	16.16 GiB/s		16	PCI Express	Varies	Go 7600-based
Quadro NVS 320M	G84M	575	700	128 MiB/256 MiB/512 MiB	128-bit GDDR3	22.55 GiB/s		20	PCI Express	Varies	8700M-GT based
Quadro NVS 510M	G72GLM	500	600	256 MiB/512 MiB/1 GiB	256-bit GDDR3	38.4 GiB/s	48	35	PCI Express	Varies	Go 7900 GTX - based

See also

• Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units
• CUDA - Nvidia CUDA technology
• Nvidia Tesla - Nvidia's first dedicated general purpose GPU (graphics processing unit)
• Sun Visualization System - uses NVIDIA Quadro FX for 3D rendering and graphics acceleration
• ATI FireGL - ATI workstation graphics solution

References

External links

• NVIDIA.com - Quadro vs. GeForce GPUs Technical Brief
• NVIDIA.com - NVIDIA Quadro Plex
• Nvidia Parallel Nsight
• Plasma-online identify Nvidia chips page
• Rojakpot
• Meaker's Notebook graphics charts
• Quadro NVS Mobile - Tech Specs
• Comparison of mobile graphics cards
• Nvidia Quadro FX vs. ATI FirePro: Professional Graphics Accelerators Roundup

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